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In this article, I will assume that the reader already knows when to use the Spanish present perfect tense. Therefore, the focus of this article is how to conjugate this tense and how to conjugate it with ease. Let’s examine how -ar verbs are conjugated in the present perfect tense:

Practicar (To Practice)

Past Participle: Practicado (Practiced)

Yo he practicado (I have practiced)

tú has practicado (you have practiced)

él ha practicado (he has practiced)

ella ha practicado (she has practiced)

usted ha practicado (you have practiced)

nosotros hemos practicado (we have practiced)

ellos han practicado (they have practiced)

ellas han practicado (they have practiced)

ustedes han practicado (you have practiced)

Now let’s try a phrase or two with this verb:

Pamela ha practicado las letras.

(Pamela has practiced the lyrics.)

Hector ha practicado la natación por mucho tiempo.

(Hector has practiced swimming for a long time.)

Keep in mind, that in the Spanish language, as in the English language, the auxiliary verb haber (to have) must always precede the past participle of the verb. It is important to note that -er and -ir verbs take on a similar pattern when they are conjugated.

Recojer (to pick up)

Past Particple: Recogido (picked up)

Yo he recogido (I have picked up)

tú has recogido (you have picked up)

él ha recogido (he has picked up)

ella ha recogido (she has picked up)

usted ha recogido (you have picked up)

nosotros hemos recogido (we have picked up)

ellos han recogido (they have picked up)

ellas han recogido (they have picked up)

ustedes han recogido (you have picked up)

The student should also be aware that in addition to “to pick up,” this verb can also mean “to collect,” “to gather,” and “to pick.” Here is an example using the verb recojer:

Ella no ha recogido las muñecas del piso.

(She hasn´t picked up the dolls from the floor.)

Here´s an example using the -ir verb “discutir” which means “to discuss,” “to debate,” or “to argue.”

Discutir (to argue, debate, discuss)

Past Participle: (argued, debated, discussed)

Yo he discutido (I have argued)

tú has discutido (you have argued)

él ha discutido (he has argued)

ella ha discutido (she has argued)

usted ha discutido (you have argued)

nosotros hemos discutido (we have argued)

ellos han discutido (they have argued)

ellas han discutido (they have argued)

ustedes han discutido (you have argued)

Here´s an example using “discutir”:

Bobbito no ha discutido con su hermana hoy.

(Little Bobby hasn´t argued with his sister today.)

1. 90% of successful negotiation is down to preparation. Effective negotiators go to great lengths to plan the questions they will ask and the assumptions they will pressure test in order to get a totally clear picture of the current situation.

2. Set your ‘walk away’ point then forget about it. This is the breakpoint beyond which you will lose money and should never ever be exceeded. Once this ‘stop point’ is set you need to forget about it and solely concentrate on hitting their breakpoint. In other words, if you are buying from them getting them to accept the least they would accept (without walking away) or, if you are selling to them, getting them to pay the highest possible price they would pay without walking away.

3. Observe their language and behaviour. You will never truly know their breakpoint- unless you have a truly open book relationship- but the way they react and what they say (and how they say it) will give you clues as to how close to their breakpoint you are.

4. Be creative. Negotiation is a fluid process and the more flexible and creative you can be with what you offer or demand the more successful you will be, the more room you will have to manoeuvre and the more likely you are to avoid deadlock.

5. Trade your concessions and give absolutely nothing away without getting something back in return. Don’t think you have to give something away for free just to ‘get the ball rolling’…this won’t soften the other party up it will just make them tougher!

6. Never ever accept the first deal no matter how good it is! Negotiation is about giving and receiving satisfaction and the more someone has had to fight for something the more satisfied they will be once they get it.

7. Negotiation takes place in their head. Through your use of specific and concise questions you need to understand their pressures, priorities, alternatives and areas of interest. Without having a thorough appreciation of their situation you will not be able to pinpoint their breakpoint let alone drive them towards it.

8. Maintain high aspirations. Negotiation can be uncomfortable and frustrating and it is easy for your head to drop. Accomplished negotiators don’t get bogged down in areas of disagreement they build on positive forward momentum in order to keep the negotiation fluid and dynamic.

9. Keep track of where the money is. Negotiation is not about ‘winning’ or ‘losing’ but growing profitable business. Therefore it is crucial to keep track of the cash value being traded at all times and effective negotiators have a system in place to do this.

10. The more you say the more you give away. Negotiation is not selling. You don’t need to enthuse, justify or present when negotiating. In order to be successful you need to keep your emotions in check, evaluate everything and state your proposals clearly and concisely.

© Gary Gorman 2008

The impact of technology, especially presentation technology, in education is not bypassed. Presentations have a very special role in education and their positive impact in the process of teaching and learning is not questionable. Today it is common to use PowerPoint presentations in education. Students depend on quality education to survive in today’s competitive global community. You as a teacher are responsible for preparing your pupils for this competitive environment.

Regardless of the objective significance of a particular activity or topic, if your students do not find it sufficiently engaging and interesting, chances are bleak that they will be motivated to expend their efforts. However, if you make the coursework engaging for them by connecting it to their goals and interests, they will be more likely to invest time and effort. You, as a teacher with engaging educational presentations, can make a big difference by influencing your pupils. Educational presentations, by providing you with the scope of including engaging illustrations, go a long way in achieving this objective of student engagement.

Don’t Lecture Your Pupils-Engage!

Do not just lecture your pupils, it is old-fashioned. Include the personal aspect of your knowledge to engage your students. Educational PowerPoint presentations have the scope to accommodate interesting activities to make the coursework interesting. It is of paramount importance to make your students personally and intellectually involve with education. It is only possible if you succeed in bequeathing your own experiences to your students. Educational PowerPoint presentations can successfully give your students a virtual tour of the area they are studying. And, if you succeed in conveying emotional involvement via educational presentations, you will increase the chances of motivating your students to get seriously involved and study.

PowerPoint Presentations are the daily rituals of modern teaching and learning. As educational PPT presentations adopt the approach of two way communication, your students feel involved and important. They promote the significance of self-study and questions. Questioning helps break the ice and build positive student-teacher relations.

Educational PowerPoint presentations are a good way give education a personal touch by virtue of effective communication. PowerPoint presentations provide you with an opportunity to talk to your students and get them involved. They encourage your pupils to participate by making the coursework interesting.

The benefit PowerPoint presentations in academic settings is that they help you engage your students not just through words, but also through powerful visuals. Remember, some students learn better by hearing, but most of them learn better by seeing. Presentations possess the power of engaging students through the visual means. Use PowerPoint with effective PowerPoint backgrounds and relevant visuals and see the difference!